Compare Turks and Caicos Islands (2008) - Papua New Guinea (2008)

Compare Turks and Caicos Islands (2008) z Papua New Guinea (2008)

	Turks and Caicos Islands (2008)	Papua New Guinea (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK)	20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain
Age structure	0-14 years: 31.3% (male 3,466/female 3,345) 15-64 years: 64.8% (male 7,398/female 6,690) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 394/female 453) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 37.6% (male 1,107,568/female 1,070,594) 15-64 years: 58.5% (male 1,745,385/female 1,643,830) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 106,487/female 122,023) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish	coffee, cocoa, copra, palm kernels, tea, sugar, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, vanilla; shell fish, poultry, pork
Airports	8 (2007)	578 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	total: 557 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 58 under 914 m: 489 (2007)
Area	total: 430 sq km land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 462,840 sq km land: 452,860 sq km water: 9,980 sq km
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than California
Background	The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory.	The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives.
Birth rate	21.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	28.76 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million (1997-98 est.)	revenues: $2.209 billion expenditures: $1.994 billion (2007 est.)
Capital	name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October	name: Port Moresby geographic coordinates: 9 30 S, 147 10 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry	tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	389 km	5,152 km
Constitution	Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)	16 September 1975
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands abbreviation: TCI	conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea local short form: Papuaniugini former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea abbreviation: PNG
Death rate	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	7.14 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$1.814 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Leslie W. Rowe embassy: Douglas Street, Port Moresby, N.C.D. mailing address: 4240 Port Moresby PI, US Department of State, Washington DC 20521-4240 telephone: [675] 321-1455 FAX: [675] 321-3423
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Evan Jeremy PAKI chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680 FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679
Disputes - international	have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder	relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists
Economic aid - recipient	$4.1 million (1997)	$266.1 million (2005)
Economy - overview	The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the 175,000 visitors that arrived in 2004. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.	Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. The government of Prime Minister SOMARE has expended much of its energy remaining in power. He was the first prime minister ever to serve a full five-year term. The government also brought stability to the national budget, largely through expenditure control; however, it relaxed spending constraints in 2006 and 2007 as elections approached. Numerous challenges still face the government including regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and balancing relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including a worsening HIV/AIDS epidemic and chronic law and order and land tenure issues. Australia will supply more than $300 million in aid in FY07/08, which accounts for nearly 20% of the national budget.
Electricity - consumption	10.76 million kWh (2005)	3.439 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	11.57 million kWh (2005)	3.698 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater	rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10%	Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	kina per US dollar - 3.03 (2007), 3.0643 (2006), 3.08 (2005), 3.2225 (2004), 3.5635 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Richard TAUWHARE (since 11 July 2005) head of government: Premier Michael Eugene MISICK (since 15 August 2003); note - the office of premier was created in the 2006 constitution cabinet: Cabinet consists of the governor, the premier, six ministers appointed by the governor from among the members of the House of Assembly, and the attorney general elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by governor general Sir Paulius MATANE (since 29 June 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since 2 August 2002); Deputy Prime Minister Puka TEMU (since 29 August 2007) cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister elections: none; monarch is hereditary; governor general nominated by parliament and appointed by chief of state; following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by governor general
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	44,580 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells	oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns
Exports - partners	US, UK (2006)	Australia 30.2%, Japan 8.2%, China 5.7% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus	divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 35.5% industry: 37% services: 27.5% (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.9% (2000 est.)	4% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates	21 45 N, 71 35 W	6 00 S, 147 00 E
Geography - note	about 40 islands (eight inhabited)	shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast
Heliports	-	2 (2007)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe	major consumer of cannabis
Imports	83.55 bbl/day (2004)	24,020 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	US, UK (2006)	Australia 52%, Singapore 12.6%, China 5.9%, Japan 4.3% (2006)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	4.8% (2007 est.)
Industries	tourism, offshore financial services	copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production, petroleum refining; construction, tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 14.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 48.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 52.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4% (1995)	1.8% (2007 est.)
International organization participation	Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU	ACP, ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (observer), C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal	Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
Labor force	4,848 (1990 est.)	3.557 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services	agriculture: 85% industry: NA% services: NA%
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Land use	arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2005)	arable land: 0.49% permanent crops: 1.4% other: 98.11% (2005)
Languages	English (official)	Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total)
Legal system	based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas	based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats of which 15 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 60%, PDM 40%; seats by party - PNP 13, PDM 2	unicameral National Parliament (109 seats, 89 filled from open electorates and 20 from provinces and national capital distict; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); constitution allows up to 126 seats elections: last held from 30 June to 10 July 2007; next to be held in June 2012 election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - National Alliance 27, PNGP 8, PAP 6, URP 6, PANGU 5, PDM 5, independents 19, others 33; note - election to 1 seat was nullified note: 15 other parties won 4 or fewer seats; association with political parties is fluid
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.95 years male: 72.69 years female: 77.32 years (2007 est.)	total population: 65.62 years male: 63.41 years female: 67.95 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.3% male: 63.4% female: 50.9% (2000 census)
Location	Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti	Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2007)	total: 24 ships (1000 GRT or over) 56,157 GRT/72,821 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 20, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 6 (UK 6) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF; includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element) (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.4% (2005 est.)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)	Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean
Natural hazards	frequent hurricanes	active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Natural resources	spiny lobster, conch	gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Net migration rate	9.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
People - note	destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and the US	-
Pipelines	-	oil 264 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders	People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Floyd SEYMOUR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]	National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Michael OGIO]; People's Action Party or PAP [Gabriel KAPRIS]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA] (2007)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	21,746 (July 2007 est.)	5,795,887 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	37% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate	2.722% (2007 est.)	2.163% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2003)	AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)
Religions	Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)	Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.106 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.073 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.035 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.062 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.873 male(s)/female total population: 1.043 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available international: country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: services are minimal; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services domestic: access to telephone services is not widely available; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density is less than 3 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service
Telephones - main lines in use	5,700 (2002)	63,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,700 (1999)	75,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	0 (broadcasts received from The Bahamas; 2 cable television networks) (2003)	3 (all in the Port Moresby area; stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned) (2004)
Terrain	low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps	mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Total fertility rate	3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.)	3.79 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	10% (1997 est.)	1.9% up to 80% in urban areas (2004)
Waterways	-	11,000 km (2006)

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